Type: Journal Paper
Title: Design and construction of an asymptotic kinetic transformable canopy
Year: 2025
Authors: Zongshuai Wan, Haotian Man, Kristoff Crolla, Eike Schling
Published in: Journal of Automation in Construction
Available: September 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2025.106508
Office: Leibniz Universität Hannover, The University of Hong Kong
Abstract
Transformable structures offer significant potential for adaptive and deployable architecture but face challenges of complex fabrication and actuation. This paper addresses the design and construction of kinetic grid structures using asymptotic curve networks, enabling the creation of doubly curved gridshells from straight, elastic Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) planks. Connected by standardised scissor joints, the planks undergo controlled transformation through elastic deformation. The design process integrates differential geometry and discrete mesh optimization to define and simulate the structure’s behaviour. A full-scale prototype – the Kinetic Canopy – was fabricated and transformed from a flat configuration into an arched gridshell using an integrated cable actuation system, without support movements. The transformation was analysed using a non-linear finite element model and validated against physical experiments. The paper provides a detailed evaluation of initial stresses, actuation forces, and energy shifts, establishing a comprehensive framework for the design and analysis of asymptotic kinetic structures.
Eike Schling 